learn the theoretical knowledge of the main underground exploration techniques, both direct and indirect.
Lear how to plan underground surveys, choosing the most appropriate exploration techniques and applying them in the most appropriate way
Carrara, A. Rapolla, N. Roberti: Le indagini geofisiche per lo studio del sottosuolo", Edizioni Liguori.
US Army Corps of Engineers: Geophysical Exploration for Engineering and Environmental Investigations, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a402173.pdf
Ground penetrating radar : un' introduzione per gli archeologi / Lawrence B. Conyers, Dean Goodman ; traduzione di Giovanni Leucci
course lecture notes
Learning Objectives
knowledge of the main underground exploration techniques.
application of the main exploration techniques in the most appropriate way.
ability to plan surveys, collect, process and interpret data.
Prerequisites
basic geological knowledge
Teaching Methods
theoretical and practical lessons
Further information
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Type of Assessment
oral examination. The understanding of the theory and ability to plan a geological survey will be verified
Course program
Gravimetry: physical bases and applications, gravimetric corrections.
Geoelectric: physical bases, resistivity, electrical properties of soils, parameters influencing the resistivity, EVS (electric vertical surveys), 2D, 3D tomography. Array of data acquisition, sensitivity, instrumentation for data acquisition, planning and implementation of a survey, data processing and interpretation, tomography.
Seismic refraction: recall of physical bases, Snell laws, waves’ arrival times, delay and intercept times, first arrivals and derivation of layer thicknesses, conjugated lines, reciprocal method and generalized reciprocal method, seismic tomography
Reflection seismic: amplitude phase of the seismic signal, Common mid point, normal move out, multiple reflections, examples of sections and interpretation.
Down-hole exploration.
Direct surveys: percussion and rotation drilling, fluid circulation.
Outline of oil exploration: variations of the seismic signal, analysis of cuttings, gamma ray logs, horizontal perforations
basic elements of GPR: physical principles, execution of surveys, interpretation of results